Antiguan and Barbudan 440 km2 (170 sq mi) 101 000 Zoom Radio East Caribbean dollar (XCD) Unitary, parliamentary representative democratic monarchy. Independence from the United Kingdom: 1 November 1981 Eastern Caribbean (UTC-4) Left +1 268 Iguanas, pelicans, mongoose, scorpions (not poisonous), donkeys, deer, hummingbirds, herons, bats and more. There are also various lizards, frogs and insects. Banana, Mango, Orange and Cashews. One of the Antiguan staple foods is fungi - cooked paste made of cornmeal and water. Frangipani, Allamanda, Heliconia, Bougainvillea, Oleander, Hibiscus, Double Hibiscus, Flamboyant (Orange), Flamboyant (Yellow), Ixora, Agave / Century Plant, Cactus. The planting of acacia, mahogany, and red and white cedar on Antigua resulted to as much as 11% of the land becoming forested, attributing to the island's soil and water conservation. Ent it? means Isn't it? Otherwise Standard British English is spoken. The educational system dissuades the use of Antiguan Creole.
Antigua was first settled by archaic age hunter-gatherer Amerindians called the Siboney at around 3100 BC. They were succeeded by the ceramic age pre-Columbian Arawak - people who migrated from the lower Orinoco River. They introduced agriculture, raising the famous Antigua black pineapple corn, sweet potatoes, chiles, guava, tobacco, and cotton.

The indigenous West Indians made excellent seagoing vessels which they used to sail around on the Atlantic and the Caribbean. As a result, Caribs and Arawaks were able to colonise much of South America and the Caribbean Islands. Their descendants still live there, notably in Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia.

Most Arawaks left Antigua around 1100 AD; those who stayed were later raided by the Caribs who had superior weapons and seafaring prowess allowing them to defeat most of the West Indian Arawak nations, enslaving some and possibly cannibalising others.

The Catholic Encyclopedia makes it clear that the European invaders had difficulty differentiating between the various groups of the native peoples they encountered. As a result, the number and types of ethnic/tribal groups in existence at that time may have been much more varied and numerous than just the two mentioned in this article.

European and African diseases, malnutrition, and slavery eventually killed most of the Caribbean's native population. Smallpox was probably the greatest killer. Historians say psychological stress of slavery may also have played a part in the deaths amongst enslaved natives. Others believe the reportedly abundant but starchy, low-protein diet may have contributed to their severe malnutrition as they were used to a diet fortified with protein from the sea.

The Spaniards did not colonise Antigua because it lacked fresh water but not aggressive Caribs. The English settled on Antigua in 1632; Christopher Codrington settled on Barbuda in 1684. Slavery, established to run sugar plantations around 1684, was abolished in 1834. The British ruled from 1632 to 1981, with a brief French interlude in 1666. The islands became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981, with Elizabeth II as the first Queen of Antigua and Barbuda. Vere Cornwall Bird Sr became the first Prime Minister.

Most of Barbuda was devastated in early September 2017 by Hurricane Irma, which brought winds with speeds reaching 295 km/h (185 mph). The storm damaged or destroyed 95% of the island's buildings and infrastructure, leaving Barbuda "barely habitable" according to Prime Minister Gaston Browne. Nearly everyone on the island was evacuated to Antigua. Source: Wikipedia